Joshua's military campaign in the land of Canaan was a pivotal moment in Israel's history. This verse describes the comprehensive nature of Joshua's conquests, as he subdued the entire region, including diverse geographical areas such as the hill country, the Negev, and the western foothills. The mention of leaving no survivors and destroying all who breathed can be challenging to modern readers, but it reflects the ancient Near Eastern context of warfare and the specific instructions given by God to the Israelites. These actions were part of fulfilling the covenant promise that God made to Abraham, to give his descendants the land of Canaan.
The complete destruction was also a means to prevent the Israelites from being influenced by the idolatrous practices of the Canaanites, which could lead them away from their covenant relationship with God. This verse emphasizes the importance of obedience to God's commands and the fulfillment of His promises. It also highlights the seriousness with which the Israelites were to approach their mission in the land, ensuring that they remained distinct and faithful to their calling as God's chosen people.