In this passage, Saul, who has recently been chosen as king, takes decisive action to defend the Israelites against the Ammonites. The Ammonites had threatened the people of Jabesh Gilead, and Saul responds by rallying the Israelites to their aid. By dividing his forces into three divisions, Saul employs a classic military strategy to maximize the element of surprise and effectiveness. The attack is launched during the last watch of the night, a time when the enemy is likely to be least vigilant, which demonstrates Saul's strategic thinking.
The victory is comprehensive, with the Ammonite forces being decimated and scattered. This not only liberates Jabesh Gilead but also serves to establish Saul's authority and capability as a leader. The scattering of the Ammonites, so that no two were left together, symbolizes the complete disarray and defeat of the enemy. This victory unites the tribes of Israel under Saul's leadership and marks the beginning of his reign with a significant military success. It underscores the themes of unity, leadership, and divine favor in overcoming adversities.