Paul contrasts the old covenant, represented by the law given to Moses, with the new covenant established through Christ. The law, carved in stone, was a ministry that revealed sin and brought spiritual death because it could not save. Despite this, it was accompanied by glory, as evidenced by Moses' radiant face after receiving the commandments. This glory, however, was temporary and fading, symbolizing the limitations of the old covenant.
Paul uses this imagery to highlight the superiority of the new covenant, which brings a more enduring glory. Through Christ, believers receive a ministry that offers life and freedom, transforming hearts and minds. The new covenant is not about external adherence to the law but about an internal transformation that leads to righteousness. This passage encourages believers to embrace the life-giving power of the new covenant, which surpasses the old in both glory and effectiveness.